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Henry Sidgwick (1838-1900)
CONTENTS
1. Sidgwick's Three Principles
2. Hare's Analysis of the Universalizability
3. Is the Universalizability True on Logical Grounds?
4. The Weak and the Strong Universalizability
5. Universalizability and the Concept of Good
6. Universalizability and Benevolence
7. Hare's Implicit Use of Evaluative Principles
[The printed version of this paper is in my "Three Essays on Ethics", Memoir of the Graduate School of Letters 38, Kyoto Univ., 1999]
◇Henry Sidgwick: Biographical Notes, by Mariko Okuno
◇See another eminent utilitarian, Richard B. Brandt
◇For J.S.Mill, see Utility and Preferences, by S. Uchii
Sidgwick's Three Principles and Hare's Universalizability
Soshichi Uchii, Kyoto University
Abstract
In this paper, I wish to draw the reader's attention to certain similarities between Sidgwick's and Hare's view on what is called the 'universalizability of a moral judgment'; and, further, I wish to show that, despite these similarities, there are some important differences between them. While Sidgwick's principles may be all regarded as a kind of impartiality, Sidgwick insisted they are non-tautological; whereas Hare's universalizability is meant to be a logical thesis established on logical grounds. Contrary to our initial prejudice that Hare is clearer than Sidgwick in many respects, it will turn out that these differences show that Sidgwick's analysis is deeper than Hare's. I will substantiate this claim by showing that Hare's theory of critical thinking makes use of the evaluative principles corresponding to Sidgwick's three principles.
Richard Mervyn Hare (1919-2002)
[Painting by Uchii from a photo by Ellin Hare; courtesy of R.M.Hare]
July 20, 1998; revised August 14, 1998; last modified April 17, 2006. (c) Soshichi Uchii
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