Karl Friedrich Gauss
German mathematician contributed to various fields of mathematics and astronomy. His theory of general curved surfaces prepared the ground for the Riemanian geometry, indispensable for the general relativity. His contribution to the least square and probability theory is also well known, as well as several quarrels with other mathematicians over the priority of new discoveries. He worked for a long time in Goettingen.
See a biography in McTutor History of Math.
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