Karl Pearson
A great figure in the history of statistics, known by fierce controversies with others (especially with Ronald A. Fisher). In addition to professional contributions to the analysis of skewed curves (distributions), χ-square statistic, or works on correlations, his view on philosophy of science is also important; his view was similar to Mach's view in many respects. He was a major academic proponent of eugenics after Galton; his chair at London was founded by Galton's fund. However, after Pearson retired, the school of statistics at London was divided into two camps, one by Neyman and (the son) Pearson, and the other by Ronald Fisher.
(See Pearson biographical notes; and article in Britannica)