Aristotle (384-322 BC)
He is one of the great Greek philosophers, and determined the crucial part of the Western intellectual history up to the 16th century. For, his work on logic, epistemology, ethics, and metaphysics, as well as his work on more specific subjects such as physics and biology was the classic and the standard for a long time.
He was born in Stagira in the northern Greece, and studied in the Academy of Plato. He himself taught at the Academy about 20 years. After Alexander the Great became the king, Aristotle founded his own school (Lyceum) in Athens (335 BC). And after the king's death (323), he retired.